International Journal of Cultural and Social Science
International Peer-Reviewed Journal International Journal of Cultural and Social Science (IJCSS) Advancing interdisciplinary scholarship in culture, society, humanities, and global social studies International Journal of Cultural and Social Science (IJCSS) is an international scholarly journal focusing on the study and advancement of social science disciplines, including culture, sociology, communication, information literacy, politics, law, management, economics, education, anthropology, media studies, public administration, social work, international relations, psychology, human rights, development studies, environmental studies, social policy, labor studies, urban studies, gender studies, educational leadership, political science, and cultural studies. Indexed Submit
DEVELOPMENT OF E-MODULE OF ABSTRACT CONCEPTS OF MATERIAL CHANGES IN THE FORM OF OBJECTS TO IMPROVE THE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN
The research aims to: (1) produce e-modules of abstract concepts of material changes in the form of objects that are appropriate to improve the critical thinking of autistic children, (2) produce e-modules of abstract concepts of material changes in the form of objects to improve the critical thinking of autistic children that are practically used by teachers and students, and (3) produce e-modules of abstract concepts of material changes in the form of objects that are effective in improving the critical thinking of autistic children. This research was development research or research and development (R&D), using the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The subjects in this study were seven autistic students, with two students as test subjects and five students as effective test subjects. Data collection techniques used were interviews, expert questionnaires, educator response questionnaires, and tests to understand abstract concepts of material changes in the form of objects. The data analysis used was qualitative and descriptive, presented in the form of graphs. The effectiveness test was carried out by comparing the scores of the pretest and posttest before and after using the e-module of abstract concepts of material changes in the form of objects. The results of research and development include: (1) the e-module of abstract concepts of material changes in the form of objects is declared to be very feasible in supporting the learning of autistic children with an average score of 48.5 from 47 material experts and 50 media experts, (2) the results of the practicality of the e-module abstract concepts of material changes in the form of objects from the questionnaire of educators responses with an average score of 4.85 in the very practical category, and (3) the e-module of abstract concepts of material changes in the form of objects can improve the ability of critical thinking of autistic children, as indicated by the average score of the Normalized Gain Test of 0.66 (moderate).
Copyright (c) 2026 Hasbi Arsanti, Edi Purwanta, Akbar Bagaskara, Ayu Primarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR HEIRS IN CONTROL OF DIGITAL ASSETS IN THE FORM OF ELECTRONIC WALLET (E-WALLET) BALANCES
This research focuses on analyzing the status of e-wallet balances as part of inherited assets in the Indonesian inheritance law system amidst the rapid development of the digital economy. The main issues examined are the suitability of the concept of e-wallet balances with the construction of assets in civil law and the legal and technical obstacles faced by heirs in the process of acquiring them. This research uses a normative legal research method with a statutory, conceptual, and comparative legal approach. Data were obtained through a literature review of laws and regulations, expert doctrines, court decisions, and relevant legal literature, then analyzed qualitatively and systematically. The results show that conceptually and legally, e-wallet balances qualify as intangible assets with economic value and are under the legal control of the heir, thus deserving of their status as part of inherited assets. However, the lack of explicit regulations regarding the inheritance of digital assets, coupled with strict personal data protection regimes and account security systems, creates legal uncertainty and practical obstacles for heirs in accessing e-wallet balances. The implications of this research emphasize the need for updating and harmonizing inheritance law regulations with personal data protection laws and digital financial services regulations, in order to create a digital asset inheritance mechanism that provides legal certainty, protects heirs' rights, and is responsive to technological developments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Parida Lumban Gaol, Novea Elysa Wardhani, Istani, Evi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BEYOND PROMOTION: CULTURAL PARADIPLOMACY AS A STRATEGY FOR BETAWI CULTURAL RESILIENCE IN JAKARTA
Betawi culture in Jakarta faces accelerating marginalization due to globalization, urbanization, and digital homogenization, threatening its continuity. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using document analysis of policy papers, foreign cooperation reports, and digital archives, with content analysis and source triangulation to examine how the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta employs cultural paradiplomacy to strengthen the resilience of Betawi culture. The findings identify three mutually reinforcing mechanisms: representational that build international visibility and symbolic legitimacy; collaborative that mobilize multi-actor partnerships for community-based preservation; and transformational engagement that embeds cultural protection into urban governance through policy learning and institutional reform. Together, these mechanisms show that cultural paradiplomacy operates not only as city branding but as a multi-layered strategy for protecting vulnerable local heritage, offering lessons for other regions within Indonesia’s centralized foreign policy system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ageu Lagena, Gilang Nur Alam, Windy Dermawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
HEXAHELIX COLLABORATION IN FLASH FLOOD DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN THE LAKE TOBA AREA
This study aims to analyze the governance of Hexahelix collaboration in the implementation of flash flood disaster management in the Lake Toba Area and to identify the constraints and obstacles encountered in its implementation. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The research informants consisted of the Head of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of North Sumatra Province, the Head of the Cooperation, Control and Evaluation Division of BPBD North Sumatra Province, Staff of the Community and Environmental Empowerment Department of PT Inalum Hydropower, the Chair of the Pandawa Kayak Organization of North Sumatra, the Director of the Center for Climate Change and Disaster Mitigation Studies of the Faculty of Forestry, University of North Sumatra, and a journalist from Tribun Medan. The results of the study indicate that the role of the Regional Disaster Management Agency has been carried out in accordance with the concept of governance, where disaster management is no longer centered solely on the government but involves various actors within a collaborative framework. However, the implementation of Hexahelix collaboration has not been fully optimal, particularly in the pre-disaster phase, which still requires strengthened coordination, increased human resource capacity, and cross-sectoral program integration. Internal constraints include the limited number of disaster-certified personnel, while external constraints are related to the persistence of communities residing in flash flood–prone areas due to livelihood factors. This study recommends enhancing the capacity of disaster management personnel, strengthening scientific studies as a basis for policy, developing more integrated multisectoral collaboration, promoting development oriented toward disaster risk reduction, and increasing the transparency of information that is easily accessible to the public.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sahrul Ramadhan, Audia Junita, Beby Masitho Batubara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES OF THE SEMARANG CITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY (BAPPEDA) IN THE “KITA TANI MUDA” PROGRAM
Facing a decline in farmers and limited agricultural land, the Semarang City Development Planning Agency (Bappeda Kota Semarang) launched "Kita Tani Muda," a business incubation program to attract young generation’s participation to agriculture. Although Bappeda Kota Semarang promoted the program through various channels, it failed to meet its target number of participant. The main objective of this study is to understand the persuasive communication carried out by Bappeda Kota Semarang in promoting the Kita Tani Muda program by analyzing the communication elements contained within it. This study also identifies factors that hinder the community from participating in Kita Tani Muda. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results show that Bappeda Kota Semarang has carried out persuasive communication in promoting Kita Tani Muda by establishing source credibility, designing attractive messages, and selecting relevant channels. However, participants were hesitant to join due to their unfamiliarity with the concept of business incubation and its benefits. The study concludes that Bappeda Kota Semarang needs to enhance public awareness of business incubation and create more effective promotional strategies to boost participation in similar programs in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahma Yudianisa, Yanuar Luqman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILD PROTECTION POLICY: A STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CIVIL SERVANTS AT THE OFFICE OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, CHILD PROTECTION AND FAMILY PLANNING OF NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
This study aims to analyze the implementation of women and child protection policies through the evaluation of the performance of Civil Servants (ASN) at the Office of Women Empowerment, Child Protection and Family Planning of North Sumatra Province, as well as to identify supporting and inhibiting factors both from within (internal) and outside (external) the organization that are suspected to influence the performance achievements of ASN. In addition, the evaluation of ASN performance specifically in the context of this program has not been conducted comprehensively, thus requiring a more in-depth study. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis of ASN performance refers to performance indicators according to Agus Dwiyanto, which include productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability [1]. The results show that the policy implementation has generally been carried out, but it has not been optimal. Several obstacles identified include limited human resources, coordination constraints, and uneven program socialization. Supporting factors include regulatory support, institutional commitment, and cross-sector collaboration. Therefore, strengthening human resource capacity, improving inter-agency coordination, and optimizing program socialization are needed so that the implementation of women and child protection policies can run more effectively.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fathia Raisya, Syafruddin Ritonga, Beby Masitho Batubara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF SUPERVISION AND SOCIALIZATION STRATEGIES OF BAWASLU MEDAN CITY ON PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE 2024 ELECTION
This study examined the influence of the supervisory strategy and socialization strategy of the Election Supervisory Body of Medan City on community participation in the 2024 election. The problem addressed was the declining voter participation rate and the gap between implemented electoral supervision efforts and actual public involvement. A quantitative approach was employed using survey data collected from community respondents. The supervisory strategy was measured through preventive actions, law enforcement, and participatory monitoring, while the socialization strategy was assessed through information dissemination, public education, and communication media utilization. The findings indicated that both supervisory and socialization strategies significantly affected community participation. The socialization strategy showed a stronger influence because effective dissemination of electoral information improved public awareness and motivation to vote. The study concluded that strengthening communication-based outreach and community-based monitoring enhanced democratic participation and supported the realization of fair and credible elections.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rencina, Risnawati Sianturi, Ida Ela R Limbong , Nalom Siagian , Artha Lumban Tobing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIPD) IN FINANCIAL REPORTING AT THE REGIONAL REVENUE AGENCY OF NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Regional Government Information System (SIPD) in financial reporting at the Regional Revenue Agency of North Sumatra Province. SIPD is a national policy designed to integrate planning, budgeting, implementation, and financial reporting processes in order to improve transparency and accountability in regional financial management. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The analysis is based on the 5C policy implementation model, namely content, context, commitment, capacity, and clients and coalitions. The findings indicate that the implementation of SIPD has improved the efficiency and integration of financial reporting. Supporting factors include clear regulatory frameworks, leadership commitment, and the availability of basic technological infrastructure. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors consist of limited human resource competence, technical system and network constraints, and suboptimal coordination among organizational units.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nita Rossilawati, Audia Junita, Adam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN ENHANCING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE PUBLIC BANKING SECTOR
This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture on employee performance in the public banking sector in South Sulawesi using a quantitative approach and SmartPLS analysis tools. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who were public banking employees in the region. The results of the analysis show that organizational culture has a positive and significant influence on employee performance, where the consistent application of organizational values can influence individual behavior and attitudes, thereby impacting on improved work performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Pratiwi, Mas Halimah, Candradewini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAMSAT NIGHT PROGRAM IN INCREASING MOTOR VEHICLE TAX (PKB) REVENUE AT THE UPTD BAPENDA BINJAI
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the Samsat Night Program in increasing Motor Vehicle Tax (PKB) revenue at UPTD Bapenda Binjai and to identify the factors that hinder its implementation. The Samsat Night Program is a public service innovation that extends operating hours into the evening to provide easier access for taxpayers who are unable to fulfill their obligations during regular working hours. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the Samsat Night Program, based on Duncan’s (1981) indicators goal attainment, integration, and adaptation has not yet been fully optimal. In terms of goal attainment, the program has contributed to improving service delivery and PKB revenue; however, the increase has not been significant overall due to fluctuating levels of public participation. From the integration perspective, coordination among related institutions (Bapenda, the Police, and Jasa Raharja) has functioned relatively well in the technical implementation of services. Meanwhile, from the adaptation aspect, the program has adjusted service hours to meet community needs but still faces challenges such as limited socialization, restricted service locations, and low taxpayer awareness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Taufiq, Syafruddin Ritonga, Maksum Syahri Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE VIDEO "UNDERSTANDING DANANTARA EASILY": TODOROV AND PROPP'S STUDY OF THE WORK OF THE MALAKA PROJECT
The development of digital media presents challenges in delivering complex economic information to the wider community. This understanding gap encourages the emergence of communication strategies that use simple language and everyday narratives. This study aims to examine how narrative strategies are used in simplifying economic issues on YouTube content, considering that previous narrative studies focused more on films and fictional works. This study uses a descriptive qualitative design with a narrative analysis approach to the video Understanding Danantara with Ease by Malaka Project. The analysis was carried out using the framework of Tzvetan Todorov's narrative structure and the character function of Vladimir Propp. The results of the study show that the narrative is arranged through a classic fairy tale plot with an open ending that serves as a simulation of economic policy risks. In addition, the use of family metaphors and dual character construction allows for the simplification of issues without removing critical content. This study concludes that social media narratives can function as a bridge of public economic literacy that encourages understanding as well as audiences' reflective attitudes towards policy risks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irfan Azis Fahrudin, Catur Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY USE ON THE EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN SMALL ENTERPRISES
A well-written abstract helps the reader to rapidly and precisely grasp the main This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital technology in small business financial management, identify its impact on efficiency, and uncover the factors and challenges influencing its adoption. Using a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative), primary data were obtained through surveys and interviews with small business owners, while secondary data were drawn from relevant literature and financial reports. Descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted to compare financial management conditions before and after the implementation of digital technology. The results show that the adoption of digital tools, such as accounting software and online financial applications, improves efficiency in transaction recording, financial analysis, and report generation. Small businesses using these technologies reported a 25% reduction in administrative costs and a 30% increase in productivity. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, low digital literacy, and limited infrastructure remain major obstacles. Factors influencing adoption include user education, trust in technology, and prior user experience. In conclusion, digital technology significantly contributes to the efficiency and competitiveness of small enterprises; however, its integration requires support through training, technical assistance, and government subsidies. This study recommends developing affordable and user-friendly technological solutions and fostering collaborative initiatives between the government, technology providers, and business owners to address adoption barriers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gregorius Paulus Tahu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MORAL AGENCY IN CHALLENGING CONTEXTS: AN INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ELECTION COMMISSIONERS’ EXPERIENCES
This research investigates the lived realities of election commissioners operating under persistent institutional constraints during a local electoral process. Contemporary electoral research frequently depicts election administrators merely as procedural agents, providing insufficient insight into their ethical and psychological dimensions. This inquiry seeks to elucidate how election commissioners perceive pressure, moral obligation, professional dedication, and self-identity within the context of their daily responsibilities. Employing an interpretative phenomenological framework, information was gathered from six local election commissioners through solicited written responses via electronic mail, facilitating profound contemplation on their professional encounters. The gathered data underwent analysis through reflective thematic evaluation. The outcomes unveil four interrelated themes: ongoing structural pressures necessitating ethical discretion, moral impetus extending beyond mere procedural adherence, organizational allegiance functioning as a psychological safeguard, and the continual evolution of professional identity through ethical introspection. These results suggest that electoral integrity arises from the dynamic interplay between individual values and institutional expectations rather than solely from formal regulations. The study enhances psychological insights into moral agency within public service and underscores the necessity for institutional backing, ethical resilience training, and psychosocial support for election officials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Robby Effendi, Risydah Fadilah, Suaidah Lubis, Juliana, Dwi Putri, Siti Sariah Bangun, Fransisca Mularia Butar Butar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MANAGEMENT TEACHING FACTORY IN IMPROVING THE COMPETENCY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS INDUSTRY AT NUSANTARA MANDIRI VOCATIONAL SCHOOL BONTANG
The gap between student competency and industry encourages the implementationTeaching Factory (TeFa). This descriptive qualitative research aims to describe the management (planning, organizing, implementation, supervision) as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors of TeFa in the Industrial Mechanical Engineering Department of SMK Nusantara Mandiri Bontang. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study indicate: (1) collaborative planning according to practical needs; (2) organization through the formation of a special structure; (3) implementation involves curriculum alignment, 10 JP/month industrial learning, a block system, and two-stage PKL; (4) supervision is carried out in stages; (5) supporting factors include teacher competence and industry-standard facilities, while obstacles include limited funds and time for completing large projects.
Copyright (c) 2026 Darus Winanten Piandani Andani, Laili Komariyah, Moh. Bahzar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATION OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION, CULTURE, RESEARCH, AND TECHNOLOGY NUMBER 19 OF 2024 ON TEACHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN IMPROVING TEACHER COMPETENCE AT SMK SWASTA GBKP KABANJAHE
This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of the Teacher Professional Education (Pendidikan Profesi Guru/PPG) policy based on the Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Number 19 of 2024 in improving teacher competence at SMK Swasta GBKP Kabanjahe, Karo Regency. In addition, this study seeks to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of policies related to the development of teacher professionalism. This research is motivated by the existence of a gap between national education policies and their implementation in private schools, particularly with regard to teacher participation in the PPG program and limitations in supporting resources. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using the interactive model proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results indicate that the implementation of the PPG policy has been carried out, but has not yet been optimal. Supporting factors include the commitment of some teachers and school leaders, the existence of clear regulations, and the positive impact of the PPG program on improving teachers’ pedagogical and professional competencies. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include uneven policy communication, limited financial and technological resources, high teacher workloads, and a complex bureaucratic structure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sedar Barus, Yanhar Jamaluddin, Maksum Syahri Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DIGITAL MARKETING AND YOUNG INVESTORS’ CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF INFLUENCER MARKETING AND CONTENT LITERACY IN FOSTERING TRUST AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN SECURITIES FIRMS
Digital marketing has become a dominant channel influencing young investors’ behavior, particularly through the use of influencer marketing and educational content literacy. This study aims to analyze how influencer credibility, message clarity, and digital content literacy shape trust and loyalty toward securities companies. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research explores young investors’ perceptions through in-depth interviews and digital content analysis across social media platforms and investment applications. The findings reveal that credible influencers, relevant educational messages, and content aligned with the needs of beginner investors significantly enhance trust. Moreover, content literacy acts as a mediating factor that strengthens investment interest and long-term loyalty toward digital securities platforms. This study provides important implications for securities firms to optimize digital marketing strategies by integrating educational content and collaborating with trustworthy influencers to build sustainable relationships with young investors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jundy Novitry, Siti Nurjanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AUTHORITY OF A NOTARY IN MAKING A DEED CONCERNING THE POSTPONEMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF INHERITANCE TO THE HEIRS
This research is motivated by the lack of explicit regulations regarding the authority of notaries in making deeds of postponement of inheritance distribution which has the potential to cause legal uncertainty and disputes. This research aims to analyze the authority of notaries, the reasons for postponement, and legal protection for the parties. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach through literature study and analysis of court decisions. The results of the research indicate that notaries are authorized to formalize postponement in authentic deeds based on Article 15 of the Notary Law and a binding agreement according to Article 1338 of the Civil Code. The postponement is carried out for legitimate reasons as stated in Article 1066 and Article 1074 of the Civil Code as well as the notary's duty of prudence. This research concludes that postponement is a legitimate preventive mechanism based on Article 833, Article 955, and Article 1865 of the Civil Code as well as Article 16 and Article 65 of the Notary Law to ensure legal certainty and protection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iin Ervian Indri Sejati, Rahmatul Hidayati, Budi Parnomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DPRD RECESS POLICY IN ABSORBING PUBLIC ASPIRATIONS (A CASE STUDY OF THE REGIONAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE, ELECTORAL DISTRICT VII)
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) recess policy in absorbing public aspirations in Electoral District VII of the Regional House of Representatives of North Sumatra Province. This research employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, documentation studies, and source triangulation involving informants consisting of DPRD members, the DPRD Secretariat, related regional government agencies, and community representatives. The analysis applies George C. Edward III’s policy implementation model, which emphasizes the aspects of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings indicate that the implementation of the recess has been carried out in accordance with formal provisions; however, its effectiveness in absorbing and following up public aspirations still faces several challenges. Limitations in time and budget, as well as the complexity of inter-agency coordination, affect the optimal integration of aspirations into regional planning and budgeting documents. In addition, not all public aspirations can be accommodated due to differences in development priorities and limitations of authority.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roby Agusman Harahap, Audia junita, Beby Masitho Batubara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
COMPARISON OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE REGULATIONS IN INDONESIA AND THAILAND
The development of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has brought significant changes to the national and regional trade systems in the ASEAN region. Indonesia and Thailand, as countries with rapid digital economic growth, have each established their own e-commerce regulatory frameworks, but with different legal approaches. This research aims to analyze and compare the regulation of electronic commerce in Indonesia and Thailand, particularly in the aspects of consumer protection and legal certainty of digital transactions. This study employs a normative legal research method with a legislative and comparative approach. The research results show that Indonesia emphasizes consumer protection thru the Consumer Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Electronic System Trade, while Thailand places more emphasis on the legal recognition of electronic transactions and digital system security thru the Electronic Transactions Act B.E. 2544 (2001), the Consumer Protection Act (No. 4) B.E. 2562 (2019), and the Computer Crime Act B.E. 2550 (2007).
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Alvia Putri, Mhd Teguh Syuhada Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPACT OF VILLAGE ONLINE MARKETS ON INCREASING THE INCOME OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) IN INDONESIA
This study aims to analyze the impact of village online markets on increasing the revenue of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. The development of digital technology has driven changes in consumer shopping behavior, making village online platforms a strategic alternative for MSMEs in expanding market access. The research method used was a quantitative approach, collecting data through questionnaires from MSMEs, and analysis using simple regression/PLS-SEM to test the relationship between the use of village online markets and increased revenue. The results show that village online markets have a positive and significant impact on increasing MSME revenue. The use of digital platforms allows MSMEs to reach a wider range of consumers, reduces marketing costs, and increases the competitiveness of local products. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening digital literacy and supporting technological infrastructure in villages as key to local economic sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dijan Novia Saka, Rofik Efendi, Widya Ratna Sari, Agus Subandono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF QUALITY OF WORK LIFE ON JOB EMBEDDEDNESS MEDIATED BY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
The increasing tendency of Civil Servants to transfer between institutions or work units reflects a low level of employee attachment to the organization. This condition highlights the importance of job embeddedness in supporting the sustainability of organizational performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of quality of work life on job embeddedness mediated by organizational commitment within a government institution. The research employed a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. The population consisted of all functional and administrative Civil Servants in one work unit of a government institution, totaling 324 employees, using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using job embeddedness, quality of work life, and organizational commitment scales and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicate that quality of work life has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment and job embeddedness, while organizational commitment has a positive effect on job embeddedness and serves as a mediating variable. This study demonstrates that improving quality of work life can strengthen organizational commitment and enhance Civil Servants attachment to their organization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vilya Al-Wirya Mentari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
COMPARISON OF BUSINESS DISPUTE RESOLUTION THRU ARBITRATION BETWEEN INDONESIA AND THAILAND
The resolution of business disputes through arbitration constitutes a form of private legal dispute settlement, particularly within the context of cross-border business relationships. In Indonesia and Thailand, the implementation of business dispute resolution through arbitration is conducted through several procedural stages, after which arbitral awards are final and binding. However, Thailand imposes a three-year time limit for the enforcement of arbitral awards, whereas Indonesia does not specifically regulate such a limitation. Differences in arbitration rules and practices between Indonesia and Thailand give rise to juridical consequences affecting the legal standing of arbitral awards and the effectiveness of their enforcement. This study aims to examine and compare the mechanisms of business dispute resolution through arbitration and the legal position of arbitral awards in Indonesia and Thailand. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and comparative approaches, supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection was conducted through library research, and the data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that Law Number 30 of 1999 governs arbitration in Indonesia with more formal procedural characteristics and strong court involvement, particularly at the stage of award enforcement. In contrast, the Arbitration Act B.E. 2545 (2002), as amended by the Arbitration Act B.E. 2562 (2019), establishes a more flexible and contemporary arbitration system that adopts the principles of the UNCITRAL Model Law. The main obstacles to enforcement in Indonesia include excessive judicial intervention and lengthy bureaucratic procedures, whereas Thailand faces challenges in harmonizing domestic and international arbitration frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luthfi Amanda Wahyuni, Faisal Riza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
POTENTIAL LEGITIMACY CRISIS AND DEADLOCK OF LAW NUMBER 23 OF 2014 WITH CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NUMBER 135/PUU-XXII/2024 ON THE TERM OF OFFICE OF THE REGIONAL PEOPLE'S REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL
This study aims to analyze the constitutional implications of Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024 on the term of office of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), democratic legitimacy, and the potential for constitutional deadlock in the Indonesian state system. The main focus of the study lies in the conflicting norms between the principle of a five-year period of power as stipulated in Article 22E of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the consequences of the separation of National Elections and Regional Elections which have the potential to extend the term of office of the DPRD without renewing the electoral mandate. This study uses a normative legal research method (normative juridical) with a conceptual approach, a statutory approach, and a case approach. Data were obtained through a literature study of primary legal materials in the form of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024, and secondary legal materials from related literature and scientific journals. The analysis was conducted qualitatively with systematic, grammatical, and teleological interpretation techniques. The research findings indicate that the separation of elections without a clear transitional design creates normative tension between the obligation to implement the Constitutional Court's final and binding rulings and the principles of periodicity of power and legal certainty. This situation has the potential to trigger a crisis of democratic legitimacy within the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) and create a constitutional deadlock in regional governance. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of formulating a comprehensive constitutional transition framework and legislative reconstruction to maintain the consistency of constitutional supremacy, the circulation of power, and the quality of local democracy in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dhimas Ari Yudha Pratama, Karlinae D. Bangas, Satriya Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND COMPENSATION ON THE WORK MOTIVATION OF DAILY JOURNALISTS AT THE ONLINE JOURNALISTS ASSOCIATION (IWO) MEDAN
The study was to determine the effect of organizational climate and compensation on the work motivation of daily journalists at the Online Journalists Association (IWO) in Medan. This research used a quantitative method, with a population of 152 journalists and a sample of the entire population, namely 152 daily journalists at the Online Journalists Association (IWO). The researcher used a total sampling technique. The results showed a significant influence between organizational climate and work motivation, as seen from the calculated t-value of 21.242 and the t-table of 1.976. The significance value was 0.000, or less than the alpha value of 0.025. This means that the organizational climate variable significantly influences journalists' work motivation, or the first hypothesis is accepted. The significant influence of compensation on work motivation is demonstrated by the calculated t-value of 7.301 and the t-table value of 1.976. A significance level of 0.000 is lower than the alpha value of 0.025. This indicates that compensation significantly influences employee work motivation. The first hypothesis is accepted, and there is a significant positive influence between organizational climate and compensation on work motivation, as seen from the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.630 with p = 0.000 < 0.050, indicating a 63.0% contribution of organizational climate and compensation to work motivation. These results are supported by the F-test, where the calculated F-value is greater than the F-table value, which is 992.749, and the F-table value is 3.06, with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.050.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anna Putri Aulia, Risydah Fadilah, M Fadli Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF DIGITALIZATION OF OUTPATIENT SERVICES FOR BPJS HEALTH PATIENTS AT JOMBANG REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL
The digitalization of healthcare services is a key strategy to improve service quality, efficiency, and accessibility, particularly for patients covered by Indonesia's National Health Insurance (BPJS Kesehatan). Jombang Regional General Hospital (RSUD Jombang) has implemented digital systems in outpatient services; however, various challenges hinder optimal service delivery. This study aims to analyze the implementation of digitalization, identify technical and non-technical barriers, and explore the expectations of healthcare staff and patients regarding its development. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with registration staff, healthcare providers in cardiology and general surgery outpatient clinics, and BPJS Kesehatan patients at RSUD Jombang. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo 12 software, utilizing thematic analysis and source triangulation. The implementation of digitalization includes online registration, digital queuing systems, integration between the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) and BPJS Kesehatan, and the use of Electronic Medical Records (EMR), contributing to improved time efficiency and ease of access. However, technical barriers such as unstable network connectivity and limited infrastructure were identified, along with non-technical barriers including disparities in digital literacy among staff and patients (especially the elderly). Both healthcare providers and patients expressed expectations for more stable systems, more supportive features, and more user-friendly designs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sangidu, Yuly Peristiowati, Novita Ana Anggraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF FLIPBOOK TEACHING MATERIALS BASED ON CULTURE FUSION SEDATI TO IMPROVE CLASS V STUDENTS' SCIENCE LEARNING OUTCOMES SD NEGERI 45 BANDA ACEH
This study aims to develop flipbook teaching materials based on Sedati culture fusion in the subject of science to improve the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 45 Banda Aceh. This research was conducted in Banda Aceh City as part of the study in the Master of Elementary Education Program at Bina Bangsa Getsempena University. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model which includes the stages of Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The subjects of the study were fifth-grade students with the material "Harmony in Ecosystems". Data collection instruments included expert validation sheets (language, materials, and media), teacher and student response questionnaires to measure practicality, and learning outcome tests to measure effectiveness through N-Gain calculations. The results showed that the flipbook teaching materials based on Sedati culture fusion met the criteria of very valid based on expert assessments. From the practicality aspect, teacher and student responses showed a category of very practical and easy to use in learning. Meanwhile, the results of the effectiveness test showed an increase in student learning outcomes with a moderate to high increase category based on the N-Gain value. Thus, Sedati's culture fusion-based flipbook teaching materials are declared valid, practical, and effective in improving fifth-grade elementary school students' science learning outcomes and supporting the integration of local cultural values into contextual and meaningful learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ainal Mardhiah, Lili Kasmini, Siti Mayang Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
PUBLIC SERVICE PERFORMANCE IN THE SIBOLGA SAMBAS DISTRICT OF NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
This study aims to analyze employee performance in public service delivery at the Sibolga Sambas Subdistrict Office, North Sumatra Province, and to identify the inhibiting factors affecting such performance. Public service performance is a key indicator in achieving good governance; therefore, employee performance plays a crucial role in determining the quality of services received by the community. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving key informants, including the subdistrict secretary, staff members, and community members as service users. The analysis of public service performance refers to the service quality dimensions proposed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry, namely tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, and assurance. The findings indicate that employee performance in public service delivery at the Sibolga Sambas Subdistrict Office is generally categorized as fairly good, particularly in terms of responsiveness and assurance. However, several obstacles remain in the aspects of reliability and tangibles, such as limited facilities and infrastructure, as well as suboptimal service systems. The inhibiting factors include limited operational budgets, uneven workload distribution, lack of capacity-building training, and an evaluation system that has not been fully optimized. Therefore, improvement efforts are required through enhancing employee competence, strengthening performance management, and providing adequate facilities and infrastructure to sustainably improve public service quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ardhiansa Panggabean, Maksum Syahri Lubis, Beby Mashito Batubara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE DYNAMICS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN PEER GROUPS AT SDIT PLUS USMAN BIN ALI MEDAN
This study aims to explore the dynamics of interpersonal communication within peer groups and the meaning of communication experiences among elementary school students. The research problem emerged from preliminary observations and interviews indicating dominance in group discussions, unequal participation, and conflicts arising from verbal and nonverbal misunderstandings in the school environment. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The participants consisted of nine respondents: four students, four parents, and one homeroom teacher at SDIT Plus Usman Bin Ali Medan. Data were collected through observations and in-depth interviews and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation to ensure credibility. The findings reveal that students’ interpersonal communication manifests in cooperative, competitive, and conflictual patterns. Children interpret communication as experiences of acceptance or rejection, which influence their self-confidence and social relationships. The main themes identified include openness, empathy, supportiveness, equality, and conflict management. The study implies that schools should strengthen communication and socio-emotional skill development programs to foster a supportive and psychologically safe interaction environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vivi Nabilla, Suryani Hardjo, Siti Aisyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY ON THE IMPACT OF FORCED MARRIAGE BY PARENTS ON FAMILY HARMONY
This study discusses the implementation of Islamic Education Management Philosophy in addressing forced marriages by parents and their impact on household harmony. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection using observation, interviews, and documentation to gain an in-depth understanding of religious views, Islamic educational values, and the real experiences of respondents regarding forced marriages. The results show that forced marriage contradicts the principles of Islamic Education Management Philosophy, which emphasizes humanization, justice, deliberation, and respect for individual dignity. The practice of forced marriage has the potential to cause various negative impacts, including domestic disharmony, psychological disorders, poor communication, prolonged conflict, and violations of individual rights. The implementation of Islamic educational values, such as deliberation, compassion, trust, responsibility, and the active role of parents and premarital educational institutions, has proven effective in building individual awareness of the importance of willingness and mental and emotional readiness in choosing a life partner. This study concludes that family education and Islamic education play a strategic role in preventing forced marriage and realizing a harmonious family based on sakinah, mawaddah, and rahmah in accordance with Islamic teachings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tanti Nurmala Sari, Sardimi, Ahmadi, Imam Qalyubi, Musyarapah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ICE BREAKING METHODS TO REDUCE INITIAL TENSION AMONG OFFICER STUDENTS OF THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL ARMED FORCES
Military cadets who are about to begin their education experience tension caused by the hierarchy and seniority that still exists, adaptation to a new environment, and the cognitive burden of academic tasks that they will face in the coming months. This study aims to eliminate the initial tension experienced by cadets. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research, and the data collection techniques used are semi-structured interviews, observation, and literature study. The results of the study show that ice breaking methods are effective in reducing initial tension. The use of ice breaking can reduce tension, creating a more relaxed atmosphere. By conducting ice breaking activities, there was a noticeable change in group dynamics, with cadets feeling much more relaxed, comfortable with other participants, communicating spontaneously, and experiencing reduced tension. Ice breaking plays an important role in creating a pleasant and motivating atmosphere during training.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annida Haerunnisa, Adi Heryadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
HOW MEANINGFUL WORK REDUCES TURNOVER INTENTION THROUGH WORK ENGAGEMENT AMONG GENERATION Z
The increasing phenomenon of turnover intention among Generation Z in Indonesia poses a challenge for organizations in retaining young and potential employees. This generation is known to be adaptive and critical, and to place work meaningfulness as an important factor in job satisfaction and organizational loyalty. This study aims to analyze the effect of meaningful work on turnover intention, with work engagement as a mediating variable among Generation Z employees in Indonesia. This research employed a quantitative explanatory approach using a survey method. The sample consisted of 387 respondents, determined based on the Krejcie and Morgan table through convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Meaningful Work Scale adapted from Steger, Dik, and Duffy (2012), the Work Engagement Scale (UWES) from Schaufeli and Bakker (2004), and the Turnover Intention Scale from Bothma and Roodt (2013). Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) with the assistance of SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that meaningful work has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention (? = -0.19; p = 0.022) and a positive and significant effect on work engagement (? = 0.77; p = 0.000). Furthermore, work engagement has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention (? = -0.249; p = 0.002) and mediates the relationship between meaningful work and turnover intention (? = -0.192; p = 0.002). These findings highlight the importance of creating a meaningful work environment to enhance engagement and reduce turnover intention among Generation Z employees.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahra Arridhani Siregar, Rahmi Lubis, Patisina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SOCIAL WORK SUPERVISION: A QUALITATIVE STUDY AT A SOCIAL SERVICE CENTER IN BANDUNG
This study examines the practice of social work supervision in a Social Service Center in Bandung, Indonesia. Supervision is an essential component of professional social work practice that supports service quality, professional development, and workers’ well-being. However, supervision within institutional settings often faces structural and managerial challenges. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using semi-structured interviews with five social workers selected through purposive sampling. The findings show that supervision practices consist of administrative, educational, and supportive functions, although administrative supervision tends to dominate. Ethical principles such as confidentiality, professionalism, and trust are widely understood but have not been fully institutionalized within formal supervisory mechanisms. Supervisory dilemmas arise from power relations, institutional policy pressures, and limited resources. Despite these constraints, supervision contributes positively to improving professionalism, emotional resilience, and service quality. The study highlights the need for a more structured, reflective, and supportive supervision system in Indonesian social service institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ridho Rinaldi, Yuliyantini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE URGENCY OF CONSUMER PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN INDONESIA’S FINTECH ECOSYSTEM IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION
The rapid growth of the financial technology (fintech) industry in Indonesia as part of digital business transformation has significantly improved public access to technology-based financial services. However, this development has also increased the risks of data breaches and misuse of consumers’ personal information. This study aims to analyze the urgency of personal data protection within Indonesia’s fintech ecosystem, evaluate the effectiveness of the existing regulatory framework, and identify strategies to strengthen legal protection in the digital era. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches through literature review of relevant regulations and scholarly works. The findings indicate that although the Personal Data Protection Law provides a solid legal foundation, its implementation still faces challenges, including low compliance among fintech providers, limited public digital literacy, and suboptimal regulatory supervision. Strengthening data governance, enhancing platform accountability, and improving consumer awareness are therefore essential to build a secure and sustainable fintech ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Osner Johnson Sianipar, Agus Satory, Iwan Darmawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BORROWER'S LIABILITY FOR DAMAGED MOTORCYCLE AFTER RETURN
Motorcycle loan agreements that are made verbally often cause legal problems, especially when the motorcycle is damaged after being returned to the owner. This study aims to find out the legal provisions that govern motorcycle loan agreements and the liability of the borrower for the damage that occurs. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a case approach, which is analyzed qualitatively based on primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that the loan agreement is regulated in Articles 1740 to 1753 of the Civil Code, and the borrower is responsible for the damage to the motorcycle caused by its negligence in the form of compensation as a result of default.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunda Ameilia, Nurhilmiyah, Masitah Pohan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL ELECTION LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST VOTING RIGHTS ABUSE PRACTICES IN PALANGKA RAYA CITY IN 2024
This research discusses the implementation of criminal law enforcement against the abuse of voting rights based on Law Number 7 of 2017 and the obstacles faced by the Palangka Raya City Election Supervisory Board (Bawaslu) in the 2024 elections. Using an empirical juridical method thru literature study and interviews, the research found that Bawaslu has handled cases of vote misuse, including double voting by two students, thru the Gakkumdu Center mechanism in accordance with legal procedures. However, the effectiveness of law enforcement is still hindered by time constraints in handling cases, a lack of evidence, low public legal awareness, and suboptimal support in technology and budget for training and political education. This research emphasizes the importance of strengthening institutional capacity, budgetary support, enhancing monitoring technology, and community participation to make election oversight and law enforcement more effective and integrity-driven.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putriyani, Ivans Januardy, Claudia Yuni Pramita, Istani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
BLOCK SYSTEM CURRICULUM MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE THE SKILLS COMPETENCY OF STUDENTS AT SMK NEGERI 1 SANGATTA UTARA
Improvement competence skill student School Intermediate Vocational (SMK) becomes demands it is important that graduates capable fulfil the needs of the business world and the industrial world. However, there are still there is gap between competence vocational school graduates and needs industry so that required innovation in management curriculum. Research This aim analyze management curriculum system blocks and implementation Project Based Learning (PjBL) in increase competence skill students at State Vocational School 1 North Sangatta. Research use approach qualitative with design studies case. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation with informant head school, deputy principal school field curriculum, head of expertise program, and teachers. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and data extraction conclusion with validity test through triangulation. Research results show that management curriculum system integrated block with PjBL implemented through function planning, organizing, implementing and monitoring as well as supported by teacher competence, facilities infrastructure and partnerships industry. Conclusion study shows that implementation system blocks and PjBL capable increase competence skill as well as readiness Work student.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paridah, Azainil, Bahzar, Nurlaili, Khairuddin, Haryaka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF SELF-DISCLOSURE ON EMOTIONAL REGULATION WITH THE MEDIATION OF FAMILY SUPPORT IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by significant biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes that require effective emotion regulation. This study aimed to examine the effect of self-disclosure on emotion regulation among high school students, with family support as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was used with a population of 632 students and a sample of 200 respondents selected through random sampling. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires, including the Revised Self-Disclosure Scale, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), and the Family Support Scale. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS with JASP 0.19.3.0. The results showed that several self-disclosure dimensions significantly influenced emotion regulation. Intended disclosure (Beta = 0.190; p = 0.007), honesty-accuracy (Beta = 0.144; p = 0.040), and control of general depth (Beta = 0.170; p = 0.020) had a positive effect on cognitive reappraisal. The amount factor (Beta = 0.281; p < 0.001), honesty-accuracy (Beta = 0.150; p = 0.030), and control of general depth (Beta = 0.206; p = 0.004) significantly affected expressive suppression. Overall, self-disclosure contributed more consistently to emotion regulation and perceived family support than the direct effect of family support on emotion regulation. These findings highlight the importance of self-disclosure and supportive family environments in improving students’ emotion regulation abilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rani Nainggolan, Hasanuddin, Suryani Hardjo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPREME COURT REGULATION NUMBER 2 OF 2015 JUNCTO SUPREME COURT REGULATION NUMBER 4 OF 2019 CONCERNING PROCEDURES FOR SETTLEMENT OF SIMPLE LAWSUITS REGARDING THE TIME LIMIT FOR SETTLEMENT OF SIMPLE LAWSUITS IN THE PALANGKA RAYA DISTRICT COURT
The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of the deadline for resolving simple lawsuits based on Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No. 2 of 2015 juncto Perma No. 4 of 2019 concerning the Procedure for Resolving Simple Lawsuits at the Palangka Raya District Court and to identify the factors causing the deadline to be exceeded. This research adopts an empirical legal method with a descriptive qualitative approach thru interviews and case data analysis using the Case Tracking Information System (SIPP). The research results show that the majority of simple lawsuits are not resolved within the 25 working days timeframe, with some cases even lasting up to 618 days. The delays are caused by the absence of the parties, the low level of legal understanding in society, the lack of good faith from the defendant, administrative obstacles, and the absence of sanctions for exceeding the deadline. This condition indicates a gap between norms and practices, so the goal of a simple lawsuit as a mechanism for quick, simple, and low-cost dispute resolution has not yet been fully realized.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Dafi Nugraha, Yacob Ferdinan Martono, Evi, Louise Theresia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
TEACHING FACTORY LEARNING MANGEMENT TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF FASHION STUDENT' PRODUCTS AT SMK NEGERI 1 SANGATTA UTARA
The quality of products produced by students has not fully met the standards and needs of the business and industrial world. Therefore, the implementation of Teaching Factory learning as a production-based learning approach in vocational schools is needed. This study aims to describe the management of Teaching Factory learning in improving the quality of student products in the Department of Fashion Design and Production at SMK Negeri 1 Sangatta Utara. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Research informants consisted of the principal, vice principal for curriculum, head of department, production unit coordinator, productive teachers, and students. The results show that Teaching Factory learning management is implemented based on the 7M components: Man, Money, Material, Machine, Method, Market, and Minute, integrated into management functions of planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising. Planning is carried out through curriculum synchronization with industry needs and the application of a block system. Organizing involves clear task distribution, while implementation engages students in the full production process according to industry procedures. Supervision is conducted through monitoring and quality control with industry partners. The implementation of Teaching Factory improves product neatness, technical precision, production time efficiency, and conformity with market standards. Thus, it contributes positively to improving the quality of student products.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sakia Darajat, A Azainil, Akhmad, U Haryaka, GM Widyatmike, L Komariyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF TRUST IN MEDIATING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT TOWARDS LOYALTY OF BPRS AL HIJRAH THAYIBAH DEPOSITORS
This study aims to analyze the influence of customer satisfaction and customer Engagement on depositor loyalty through trust. The sample size in this study was 100 respondents. The analysis technique used SEM PLS. The analysis shows that customer satisfaction influences trust. Customer Engagement influences trust. Customer satisfaction influences depositor loyalty. Customer Engagement influences depositor loyalty. Trust influences depositor loyalty. Trust mediates the relationship between customer satisfaction and depositor loyalty. Trust mediates the relationship between customer Engagement and depositor loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dertian Ruly Kurniadi, Harun Al Rasyid, Dwiyani Sudaryanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS BETWEEN BANKS AND CUSTOMERS FOR CREDIT AGREEMENTS (DECISION STUDY NUMBER: 964/Pdt.G/2025/PN.Mdn)
This research aims to analyze legal responsibility in contractual relations between banks and customers regarding credit agreements and examine the judge's considerations in Decision Number 964/Pdt.G/2025/PN.Mdn at the Medan District Court. The problem stems from a default in the Home Ownership Credit (KPR) agreement between the debtor and PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk which resulted in bad credit and demands for repayment of the remaining debt along with the execution of collateral rights dependants. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual and case approach. The results showed that the legal relationship between banks and customers is based on a valid agreement according to the Civil Code and is binding on the parties as law. The panel of judges considered that the debtor was found to have defaulted on the fact that it did not fulfil the obligation to pay the instalments in accordance with the agreement, and was thus punished to pay off the remaining obligations together with interest and fines and to give the creditor the right to execute the security. The ruling reflects the application of the principles of legal certainty and legal protection in the practice of banking credit agreements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nora Salsabillah, Nurhilmiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
LEGAL PROTECTION OF OWNERSHIP CERTIFICATE HOLDERS AGAINST THE VALIDITY OF LAND CERTIFICATES IN A NEGATIVE PUBLICATION SYSTEM
This study aims to analyze the legal status and evidentiary strength of the Land Ownership Statement (SKT) in relation to the Certificate of Ownership (SHM), as well as the legal protection and certainty afforded to certificate holders. The research employs normative legal research methods using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that the SKT merely functions as an administrative basis of title, whereas the Certificate of Ownership constitutes a strong form of evidence of land rights, although it is not absolute under the negative publication system and may still be challenged if juridical or administrative defects are proven. The main issue addressed in this study is the lack of clear regulation regarding the legal status and limits of the evidentiary value of the SKT vis-à-vis the Certificate of Ownership. This study concludes that the land registration system based on negative publication has not yet fully ensured legal certainty and protection for holders of Certificates of Ownership, thus necessitating clearer regulation of the legal standing of the SKT and the strengthening of the land registration system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nhelly Marcelina, Novea Elysa Wardhani, Evi, Istani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE CSR MANAGEMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES, GOVERNANCE, AND HUMAN RIGHTS TOWARD SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS IN PUBLICLY LISTED COMPANIES
This study aims to analyze the impact of innovative CSR management on sustainable business performance. The research examines 16 coal mining companies and 16 palm oil plantation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), while considering the mediating roles of green human resources and respect for human rights. A quantitative approach was employed with publicly listed companies as the unit of analysis, and data were collected through structured document-based observation derived from corporate annual reports and sustainability reports. Linear regression analysis using SPSS software indicates that innovative CSR management does not yet have a significant direct effect on sustainable business performance. However, CSR is found to have a positive and significant influence on respect for human rights, highlighting its role in internalizing ethical values at the organizational level. Simultaneous testing results show that the combination of CSR and human resources explains only a small proportion of the variance in sustainable business, with human resources demonstrating a significant but negative partial effect. These findings suggest that the impact of CSR on business sustainability is indirect and requires stronger mediating mechanisms. This study contributes theoretically to the development of mediation-based CSR models and offers practical implications for companies in designing more integrated CSR strategies to support sustainable business practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suwandi, Fathan Zidni Imawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS IN TEACHER–STUDENT CLASSROOM INTERACTION IN BORDER AREAS
Teacher–student classroom interaction functions not only to transmit knowledge but also to shape values and learning participation, making directive speech acts and politeness strategies pedagogically significant. This study investigates politeness strategies in directive speech acts within classroom interaction at a border-area elementary school. Using a descriptive qualitative design, data were collected through classroom observation, recordings, field notes, and interviews, and analyzed through speech act theory, Leech’s politeness principle, and a sociopragmatic framework. The findings show that teachers predominantly employ commands and requests, typically mitigated through addressing students by name, explanations, choice-giving, and supportive nonverbal cues, while students’ directives tend to be more direct due to peer familiarity. Politeness strategies are shaped by sociocultural diversity and relational dynamics. These results indicate that directive politeness functions as a pedagogical resource for fostering respectful interaction, student engagement, and culturally responsive communication in border-area classrooms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Felisitas Viktoria Melati, Margaretha Lidya Sumarni, Siprianus Jewarut, Teresia Wini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SATISFACTION IN BUILDING USER TRUST IN THE SKULID APPLICATION: AN INTEGRATED TAM AND UTAUT APPROACH
This study examines the determinants of user satisfaction and trust in Skul.id, an e-learning application developed by Telkomsel. Integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the study analyzes the effects of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, and Facilitating Conditions on User Satisfaction and Trust. A quantitative approach was employed using an online questionnaire distributed to students who had used Skul.id for at least three months. Data from respondents selected through non-propability convenience sampling were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The results indicate that all examined factors significantly and positively affect user satisfaction, with effort expectancy exerting the strongest influence. Gender and experience do not significantly moderate these relationships, suggesting relatively homogeneous technology adoption behavior among digital native students. Furthermore, satisfaction explains 67% of the variance in user trust, demonstrating its central role in trust formation. These findings confirm the applicability of TAM and UTAUT in youth-oriented e-learning contexts and highlight the importance of enhancing learning benefits, usability, and technological support to strengthen user trust and loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lellyana Eva Megawaty, Fahrul Riza, Denpharanto Agung Krispimandoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SECOND INSTAGRAM ACCOUNTS IN THE NEGOTIATION OF GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF GEN Z MALES
This study examines how Generation Z males use second accounts to negotiate gender performativity on Instagram, positioning the platform as a space for interaction, image construction, self-expression, and adaptation to dominant norms of masculinity. The study employed a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to explore participants’ experiences and meanings in using first and second accounts. Data were analysed through the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, while validity was ensured through source triangulation based on interviews with 10 informants and expert triangulation. The findings show that first accounts are generally used as spaces of public representation to maintain image, fulfil standards of propriety, and present a safer self before wider audiences. Second accounts function as more intimate spaces for expressing personal, emotional, daily, and hobby-related dimensions of the self. The discussion confirms that dual-account use reflects an ongoing negotiation of masculinity in contemporary digital space today
Copyright (c) 2026 Naqil Sayyaf Al Mujahid, Fakhrur Rozi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
PROTECTION OF UNRECOGNIZED INHERITANCE RIGHTS FOR CHILDREN FROM A SECOND MARRIAGE BASED ON ISLAMIC INHERITANCE LAW
This research aims to analyze the legal protection of inheritance rights for children from a second marriage that is valid both religiously and legally, but who face discrimination or neglect from other heirs. In Islamic inheritance law, the validity of marriage is the main determinant in establishing lineage and status as an heir; thus, there is no dichotomy of rights between children from the first or second marriage. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative and doctrinal approach thru the study of the Qur'an, Hadith, and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). The research results show that the neglect of inheritance rights for children from the second marriage is a form of violation of Islamic justice principles and clearly contradicts Article 174 of the KHI. This study concludes that repressive legal protection efforts are needed thru dispute resolution mechanisms in religious courts and strengthening inheritance law literacy for the community to ensure fair and balanced inheritance distribution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ananta Alwabina Tarigan, M. Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
LEGAL PROTECTION OF WAKAF ASSETS IN INHERITANCE DISPUTES
This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for waqf assets that are the object of inheritance disputes from the perspective of Indonesian positive law and Islamic legal principles. The focus of this research lies in the legal regulations that guarantee the continuity of the status of waqf assets so that they do not return to being part of the inheritance that can be claimed by the heirs. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The data used are in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through literature studies, then analyzed qualitatively using descriptive-analytical methods to understand the relationship between applicable legal norms and waqf dispute issues in practice. The results of the study indicate that the legal system in Indonesia provides strong legal protection for waqf assets through the recognition of changes in ownership status after the waqf pledge, the prohibition of transfer or inheritance of waqf assets as regulated in Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf, and supervision of waqf management by nazhir and state institutions such as the Indonesian Waqf Board. Furthermore, Islamic legal principles such as ta?b?s al-a?l wa tasb?l al-manfa ‘ah and protection of the will of the waqif are important foundations for maintaining the sustainability of waqf benefits for the community. This study also found that waqf disputes related to inheritance are generally triggered by weak waqf administration and a lack of public understanding of the principle of waqf permanence. The implications of this study demonstrate the importance of strengthening the waqf administration system, increasing public legal literacy, and optimizing the role of waqf management institutions to ensure legal certainty and the sustainability of waqf's social function as an instrument of public welfare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salmawati, Muh Rayhan Fahrizal Yusuf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MARKETING COMMUNICATION STRATEGY FOR OIL PALM SEEDLINGS TO IMPROVE BRAND AWARENESS AT THE OIL PALM RESEARCH CENTER (PPKS)
This study aims to analyze the marketing communication strategy of oil palm seedlings implemented by the Palm Oil Research Center (PPKS) in increasing brand awareness amidst agribusiness competition and the rampant circulation of illegal seedlings. This research is important because studies on marketing communications in the oil palm seed sector are still limited, while most previous studies have focused more on sales, general promotions, or marketing of consumer products, rather than on building brand awareness in the context of trust-based agribusiness. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants numbered six people consisting of PPKS management and consumers/users of oil palm seedlings. The results show that PPKS implements an integrated marketing communication strategy through online and offline channels, including the use of social media, the MySawit application, direct services, interpersonal communication, and education to farmers about the advantages of superior seedlings and the importance of purchasing through official channels. These findings indicate that PPKS brand awareness is not only shaped by the intensity of promotions, but also by the institution's credibility, the quality of educational messages, and long-term relationships with consumers. The contribution of this research lies in the affirmation that in the agribusiness sector, an effective marketing communication strategy is not only informative, but must be able to integrate education, trust, and institutional legitimacy to strengthen the brand's position in the market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zakiya Azzahra, Ahmad Tamrin Sikumbang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUNDWATER TAX SERVICES IN ENHANCING REGIONAL ORIGINAL REVENUE: A POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
This study examines the effectiveness of groundwater tax (Pajak Air Tanah) services as a source of Regional Original Revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah/PAD) in Medan City by adopting a public service effectiveness perspective. Unlike previous studies that primarily emphasize fiscal performance, this research applies Steers’ organizational effectiveness framework, which includes goal attainment, integration, and adaptation, to provide a multidimensional analysis of tax service performance. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed to capture institutional practices, service processes, and stakeholder perspectives that cannot be adequately explained through quantitative indicators alone. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving officials of the Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) of Medan City. The findings reveal that groundwater tax services have been administratively implemented in accordance with existing regulations, particularly in terms of registration, assessment, and collection procedures. However, the contribution of groundwater tax to PAD remains relatively low due to structural limitations, including a restricted tax base, regulatory policies aimed at controlling groundwater extraction, and the transition toward piped water consumption. From the perspective of goal attainment, service outputs are achieved, yet fiscal targets are only partially fulfilled. In terms of integration, limited communication and weak inter-agency coordination hinder the expansion of the tax base and reduce data accuracy. Meanwhile, adaptation capacity remains reactive, constrained by limited resources and the absence of systematic innovation in service delivery. The study concludes that groundwater tax should not be evaluated solely as a revenue-generating instrument but also as a regulatory tool for environmental governance. Therefore, improving service effectiveness requires strengthening institutional coordination, enhancing data integration systems, and developing adaptive service strategies to balance fiscal objectives with sustainable resource management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afrodita Arika Arnisya Harahap, Adam Adam, Beby Masitho Batubara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED VALUE ON GOJEK CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN MEDAN CITY
The rapid expansion of app-based transportation services in Indonesia has intensified competition and increased customer switching, making loyalty a critical challenge for market leaders such as Gojek. This study investigates how perceived value influences customer loyalty and examines the mediating role of customer satisfaction among Gojek users in Medan City. A quantitative explanatory design was employed using an online survey administered from 6–20 November 2025. Data were collected from 375 respondents selected through purposive sampling and analyzed using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS). The findings show that perceived value positively and significantly affects customer loyalty (? = 0.350; p < 0.001) and strongly predicts customer satisfaction (? = 0.691; p < 0.001). Customer satisfaction also has a significant positive effect on loyalty (? = 0.553; p < 0.001). Mediation analysis confirms that customer satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship between perceived value and loyalty (?_indirect = 0.382; p < 0.001), indicating that the value–loyalty link is predominantly realized through satisfaction. The study reinforces the value–satisfaction–loyalty chain in digital service contexts and highlights that strengthening multidimensional perceived value—especially experiential and emotional components—can enhance satisfaction and sustain customer loyalty in highly competitive online transportation markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arifah Rakatasya Siregar, Risydah Fadillah, Rahmi Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF TIKTOK IN SHAPING PUBLIC OPINION ON THE CASE OF A STUDENT BEING SLAPPED AT SMA NEGERI 1 CIMARGA
The virality of school violence cases on social media not only accelerates the spread of information but also creates a new arena for the production, circulation, and legitimacy of public opinion. However, studies on how TikTok frames cases of school violence and how netizen interactions reproduce moral judgments about disciplinary actions are still relatively limited, particularly in cases involving educational authority figures. This study aims to analyze the form of TikTok content discussing the case of a student being slapped at SMA Negeri 1 Cimarga and identify trends in public opinion emerging through the comments section. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a content analysis method on 30 TikTok posts and 250 comments purposively selected based on issue relevance and level of interaction. The results show that the content and comments are dominated by narratives supporting the principal's actions by emphasizing the value of discipline, while others interpret them as a form of violence against students. These findings suggest that TikTok functions not only as a medium for information distribution but also as an arena for framing and amplifying opinions that can normalize problematic disciplinary actions through algorithmic logic and comment resonance. Academically, this research contributes to the development of digital communication studies, public opinion, and social media analysis by emphasizing that public opinion on TikTok is formed through the relationship between content narratives, user interactions, and social values ??that exist in society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nabila Assuhaila, Rahmat Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF ADVERSITY QUOTIENT ON WORKFORCE AGILITY WITH PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE
This study aims to examine the effect of Adversity Quotient on Workforce Agility with Perceived Organizational Support as a mediating variable. The proposed hypothesis is that adversity quotient affects workforce agility in civil servants with perceived organizational support as a mediating variable. The population consists of 3,083 civil servants in the Pidie Jaya Regency government environment. The sample consisted of 253 civil servants, using cluster sampling technique. This study employed a quantitative method with three scales: workforce agility scale, adversity quotient scale, and perceived organizational support scale. In this study, each variable will be analysed or CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) will be conducted with a critical loading factor value of 0.7. The hypothesis testing was carried out using SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) version 3.0 software. The results indicate that (1) there is an effect of adversity quotient on perceived organizational support among civil servants, with a t-statistic value of 47.031 > 1.96 and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. (2) There is an effect of perceived organizational support on workforce agility among civil servants, with a t-statistic value of 20.249 > 1.96 and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. (3) There is an effect of adversity quotient on workforce agility among civil servants, with a t-statistic value of 43.291 > 1.96 and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. (4) There is an effect of adversity quotient on workforce agility among civil servants with perceived organizational support as a mediating variable, with a t-statistic value of 18.558 > 1.96 and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andriani Andriani, Suryani Hardjo, Patisina Patisina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
COMMUNICATING TRUST AND CHOICE IN UMRAH TRAVEL: EVIDENCE FROM MARKETING PUBLIC RELATIONS, BRAND IMAGE, AND PILGRIM TESTIMONIALS
The growing competition in Indonesia’s Umrah travel industry has increased the importance of credible communication in shaping pilgrims’ trust and service selection. In this setting, travel providers are required not only to promote their packages, but also to communicate reliability, transparency, and ethical responsibility in ways that reduce uncertainty among prospective pilgrims. This study analyses the effects of marketing public relations, brand image, and pilgrim testimonials on pilgrims’ service choice, with trust embedded as a core evaluative dimension of the dependent construct. The study employed a quantitative explanatory design and used purposive sampling to select 60 respondents who had previously used the services of PT Darul Umrah Alharamin in Medan, Indonesia. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The findings show that marketing public relations, brand image, and pilgrim testimonials all have positive and significant effects on pilgrims’ service choice. Among these variables, brand image emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by marketing public relations and pilgrim testimonials. These results indicate that pilgrims’ decisions are shaped not only by promotional exposure, but also by how communication builds credibility, how the brand signifies reliability, and how testimonials provide experiential reassurance. The study contributes to communication research by demonstrating that service choice in religious travel is a communication-sensitive outcome formed through the interaction of relational messaging, symbolic reputation, and socially mediated trust cues. Practically, the findings suggest that Umrah travel providers need to strengthen transparent communication, maintain a credible brand image, and manage authentic testimonials more systematically to reinforce pilgrims’ confidence and choice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rofi Hanif, Abdul Rasyid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
PUBLIC RECEPTION TOWARDS CSR PROGRAM AT PT BAKRIE SUMATERA PLANTATIONS TBK KISARAN
This study examines public reception of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program of PT Bakrie Sumatera Plantations Tbk in Kisaran in 2025. The study is grounded in the view that CSR is not merely a form of corporate responsibility, but also a corporate communication practice through which the company encodes messages of care, legitimacy, and social closeness to surrounding communities. The novelty of this study lies in its use of Stuart Hall’s reception theory to analyze CSR in a plantation context, an area that remains underexplored in Indonesian corporate communication studies, particularly through a phenomenological lens. This research employed a qualitative phenomenological approach to capture the lived experiences of communities in interpreting the company’s CSR practices. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 10 informants, supported by observation, documentation, and analysis of the company’s CSR report. The findings show that the CSR program was constructed as a corporate message through seven main sectors: education, health, religion, infrastructure and environment, social and disaster response, sports and youth, and economy. Public reception was predominantly situated in dominant-hegemonic and negotiated positions, indicating that community acceptance was generally positive but not entirely uncritical. These findings confirm that the meaning of CSR is shaped not only by program implementation, but also by how communities interpret, evaluate, and negotiate their experiences with the company.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khairani Sakinah, Indira Fatra Deni Peranginangin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTING GENDER MAINSTREAMING (PUG) POLICY IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOL
Gender mainstreaming is a strategic policy for integrating gender equality into educational governance and practice. This study examines how Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) policy is implemented in a private secondary school, SMP Swasta IT Al Fajar Tanjung Morawa, Indonesia, and identifies the factors that support and constrain its implementation. Using a qualitative descriptive design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observation, and document review involving ten purposively selected informants, namely the principal, vice principal for student affairs, guidance and counseling teacher, teachers, students, administrative staff, and parents. Guided by policy implementation theory, the study finds that gender mainstreaming is practiced mainly as a moral commitment to fair treatment rather than as a formal and measurable institutional policy. Although school actors generally support gender equality, implementation remains limited by the absence of technical guidelines, gender-responsive planning, dedicated budget allocation, and sex-disaggregated data. The analytical novelty of this study lies in its focus on a private secondary school, a setting that is often underexplored despite having different supervision patterns, institutional autonomy, and resource conditions from public schools. The findings show that private-school cases are important for understanding how national gender policy is translated unevenly at the micro-institutional level. Strengthening internal policy instruments, organizational capacity, and monitoring systems is therefore crucial for advancing sustainable gender-responsive school governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Ramadani Nasution, Audia Junita, Chairika Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MUSLIM FAMILY COMMUNICATION IN DEALING WITH FATHERLESSNESS AND ITS IMPACT ON CHILD GROWTH IN MEDAN JOHOR CITY
This study aims to analyze Muslim family communication in dealing with fatherlessness and its implications for children's psychosocial development and communication behavior in Medan Johor City. The study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method to understand the subjective experiences of mothers, children, and father substitute figures in everyday life. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña through the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that fatherlessness not only represents the physical absence of a father, but also the weakening of the father's communicative and affective function in the family. In this context, the mother becomes the main center of interaction, emotional management, and transmission of family meaning, while children form diverse interpretations of the father figure according to the cause of fatherlessness, such as death, divorce, migration, or work commitments. The novelty of this study lies in its placement of fatherlessness as a communicative reality in Muslim families, not merely as a psychological or social problem, but as a process of negotiation of meaning, role substitution, and the formation of children's identities through symbolic interaction. Theoretically, this study expands the study of family communication by demonstrating that father absence alters the architecture of domestic communication, attachment patterns, and children's emotional validation. Its scientific implications emphasize the importance of a family communication approach sensitive to Islamic values ??to understand Muslim families' adaptation strategies in maintaining relationship stability and child development in the face of fatherlessness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desi Ratna Sari Lumban Gaol, Hasan Sazali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE XPOSE UNCENSORED PROGRAM IN SHAPING PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF CHILDCARE SECURITY PATTERNS IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS
This study examines the influence of television investigative journalism on shifts in the security paradigm within religious education settings. The primary focus of this study is to analyze how the program “Xpose Uncensored” on Trans7 constructs a social reality that shapes public trust. This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study method to explore the psychological dynamics and shifts in the perceptions of boarding school guardians following exposure to dramatic investigative content. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, content observation, and documentation of emerging phenomena during the 2025–2026 period. The results of this study indicate that the program systematically deconstructs traditional pesantren values through three main strategies: the deconstruction of adab values into physical marginalization, economic stigmatization through transactional framing, and the delegitimization of santri service (roan) as labor exploitation. The research findings reveal a significant cultivation effect, in which parents of students experience distorted perceptions on the cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions. The media successfully homogenized the parents’ perspectives into a collective fear (mainstreaming) that transformed the image of the pesantren from a “sacred space” into a “risky feudal institution. As a result, a crisis of public trust has emerged, prompting parents to shift from a trust-based, delegative parenting style to a suspicious, investigative one, and even leading them to consider transferring their children to public schools to ensure their physical and mental safety
Copyright (c) 2026 Silvia Anggraini Zein, Erwan Effendi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SELF-REGULATED LEARNING AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AS PREDICTORS OF CAREER MATURITY
This study examined the influence of self-regulated learning and social support on students’ career maturity. A quantitative design was applied to 132 high school students using psychological scales and analyzed through multiple linear regression. The results showed that self-regulated learning had a positive and significant effect on career maturity (? = 0.785; t = 8.504; p < 0.001), while social support also had a positive and significant effect (? = 0.332; t = 2.671; p = 0.009). Simultaneously, both variables significantly influenced career maturity (F = 90.920; p < 0.001) with a contribution of 58.5% (R² = 0.585). These findings indicate that self-regulated learning is the dominant predictor of career maturity compared to social support. In conclusion, the development of students’ career maturity is more strongly determined by internal readiness through self-regulated learning than by external support alone.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pangihutan Syepriady Tanjung, Risydah Fadilah, Suaidah Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF CONFORMITY ON BULLYING BEHAVIOR: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CRITICAL THINKING
Bullying remains a serious problem in schools and is often influenced by peer conformity among adolescents. This study aims to examine the effect of conformity on bullying behavior and the mediating role of critical thinking among students of SMA Budi Agung Medan. A quantitative approach was used involving 117 students selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using conformity, bullying behavior, and critical thinking scales and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that conformity had a positive and significant effect on bullying behavior and a negative effect on critical thinking. Critical thinking also had a negative and significant effect on bullying behavior and significantly mediated the relationship between conformity and bullying. These findings indicate that higher conformity increases the likelihood of bullying, while stronger critical thinking reduces such behavior. Strengthening students’ critical thinking may serve as an effective strategy to prevent bullying in schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anita Mestika Juandina, Salamiah Sari Dewi, Yudistira Fauzy Indrawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
STATE POWER AND LEGAL DISTRUST IN POLITICAL SATIRE: A GAMSON FRAMING ANALYSIS OF “MENS REA”
This study analyses how state power practices and the crisis of trust in legal culture are represented through political satire in Pandji Pragiwaksono’s stand-up comedy performance Mens Rea. The study responds to the growing use of stand-up comedy as a medium for articulating political criticism in Indonesia’s democratic public sphere. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, using Mens Rea as the primary data and relevant literature on political communication, satire, and legal culture as secondary data. Data were collected through observation and documentation and analysed using William A. Gamson’s framing model by identifying framing devices and reasoning devices. The findings show that Mens Rea frames state power through issues of taxation, unequal legal treatment, institutional criticism, criminalisation fears, and public distrust toward political communication. The study argues that political satire functions not merely as entertainment but as a reflective cultural space for questioning legal legitimacy and democratic accountability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafiz Raisya, Yoserizal Saragih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INTEGRATIVE MUSYRIF STRATEGIES IN CULTIVATING RELIGIOUS CULTURE AT KH MAS MANSUR UMS STUDENT PESANTREN
This study aims to examine musyrif strategies in cultivating religious culture, the implementation of these strategies, and the barriers encountered at KH Mas Mansur UMS Student Pesantren. This study employed a qualitative case study approach using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving the Board of Caretakers, ISO administrators, and student residents. The findings reveal three main musyrif strategies: exemplary conduct (uswah hasanah), humanistic personal approaches, and structured habituation through routine religious activities. The implementation of these strategies was carried out through planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation processes integrated into students’ daily life within the pesantren environment. The study also identified two major categories of barriers: internal barriers, including low initial awareness, parental coercion, laziness, and burnout; and external barriers, including peer influence, inconsistent role modeling among administrators, unclear sanction systems, and limited socialization of regulations. This study contributes an integrative musyrif strategy model that combines exemplary conduct, personal approaches, and structured habituation in fostering religious culture within a university student pesantren context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bagas Ali Mukti, Triono Ali Mustofa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF TEMPUS REGIT ACTUM IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE HOLDING COMPANY ACCORDING TO THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF COMPANIES IN INDONESIA
The establishment of a BUMN holding company aims to create synergy between companies, increasing operational and cost efficiency, increasing business scale, strengthening financial position (solvency and liquidity), as well as facilitating coordination, accelerating growth (acquisitions), and increasing contribution to state revenue. The type of research used is normative legal research with a legal synchronization level approach. The nature of the research is descriptive, using secondary data, especially from primary legal materials such as UUBUMN, UUUPT, the next type of research was analyzed qualitatively. Article 10 paragraph (2) of the UUBUMN No. 16/2025 states that the establishment and management of holding companies are carried out in accordance with the provisions governing limited liability companies. However, because specific regulations for the establishment of holding companies have not been regulated, the government applies the principle of tempus regit actum, so that the establishment of holding companies uses the rules for establishing company acquisitions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ramlan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ADDRESSING STUDENTS’ MORAL CRISIS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES AT SMA IT NUR HIDAYAH
The purpose of this study was to examine the strategies used by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers at SMA IT Nur Hidayah in addressing students' moral crisis and to determine how well they are working to shape students' personalities in the digital age. This study employed a qualitative descriptive methodology, collecting data through observation, documentation, and interviews. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers, guidance and counseling teachers, students, and purposively selected school administrators were among the research informants. Data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing were used in the data analysis process. Triangulation of sources and strategies was used to ensure data quality. The results showed that students' moral crisis was characterized by a decline in respect, the use of impolite language, uncontrolled social behavior, and the negative influence of digital culture. To address this, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers implemented systematic and sustainable strategies, including the (INSAN) program, fostering religious practices, strengthening social ethics, limiting gadget use, small-group guidance, and coaching-based development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yurika Oktafiawa, Triono Ali Mustofa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
NOTARIES, MARITAL AGREEMENTS, AND WIVE’S ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN INDONESIA
Marriage in Indonesia creates economic legal consequences, particularly regarding marital property and the protection of wives’ economic rights. Marital agreements serve as preventive legal instruments to regulate property ownership, financial responsibilities, and potential asset disputes. This study aims to analyze the role of notaries in ensuring the legal certainty of marital agreements and their effectiveness in protecting wives’ economic rights. This research uses a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches, focusing on Indonesian marriage law, notarial authority, and Constitutional Court Decision No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015. The results show that notarial involvement strengthens the validity, legal certainty, and evidentiary value of marital agreements. Notaries also help formulate clearer and more balanced contractual clauses. However, the effectiveness of marital agreements is influenced by legal culture, public awareness, and clause quality. This study concludes that marital agreements can protect wives’ economic rights when supported by fair clauses and proper notarial guidance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fathya Mutiara Firsani, Edrick Edwardina Effendy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES IN SHAPING STUDENTS’ RELIGIOUS CHARACTER AT SMPIT INSAN
This study examines Islamic Religious Education teachers’ strategies in shaping students’ religious character at SMPIT Insan Kamil Karanganyar. Strengthening religious character has become an important aspect of education in Islamic schools amid contemporary moral challenges faced by students. This study employed a descriptive qualitative field research design using observation, interviews, and literature review. The findings reveal that teachers implemented several strategies, including exemplary conduct, discipline, habituation, and special programs such as Bina Pribadi Islami (BPI) and Malam Bina Iman dan Taqwa (MABIT). Exemplary conduct emerged as the primary strategy because teachers function as role models for students. Supporting factors included collaboration among school members, a religious school culture, and effective teacher–student communication, while family-school inconsistency and limited instructional time became major obstacles. The study implies that successful religious character formation requires teacher strategies, supportive school culture, and active family involvement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aisyah Ainul Qolbi, Hakimuddin Salim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SCRATCH-BASED INTERACTIVE E-MODULES FOR PROMOTING JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ COMPUTATIONAL THINKING SKILLS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study synthesizes recent evidence on Scratch-based interactive e-modules for supporting junior high school students’ computational thinking skills. Using a systematic literature review approach, 20 studies published between 2021 and 2026 were selected through a PRISMA-style screening process and analyzed descriptively and thematically. The findings indicate that Scratch-based learning is most effective when supported by scaffolding, project- or problem-based learning, integration with mathematics or science contexts, and explicit computational thinking assessment. Several Indonesian studies also report that Scratch-assisted e-modules are generally valid, practical, and potentially effective for supporting computational thinking development, although most studies remain limited to small-scale developmental research. This review suggests that interactive e-modules should be designed as contextualized, project-oriented, and scaffolded learning environments that encourage problem solving, reflection, and debugging practices in junior high school learning contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azzura Qatrunnada, Roemintoyo, Budi Tri Cahyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EVENT MARKETING STRATEGY TO INCREASE SALES USING THE CONCEPT OF PURPOSE, PEOPLE, PLACE, AND PERFORMANCE
Event Marketing Strategy is an important pillar in introducing products directly and building emotional relationships between brands and consumers, especially in the automotive industry. This study uses Qualitative Research. The informants of this study amounted to 17 people. This study aims to analyze how Event Marketing Strategy in Increasing Sales by Using Purpose, People, Place, and Performance, especially for BMW and MINI products offered by PT. Performance Motors Indonesia. Event Marketing Strategy in Increasing Sales by Using Purpose, People, Place, and Performance, especially for BMW and MINI products offered by PT. Performance Motors Indonesia. The conclusion of the study, Event Marketing Strategy has a very significant contribution in driving increased sales, especially in the premium automotive industry such as BMW, Quantitatively, Event Marketing's contribution to sales achievement is estimated to reach 60-70 percent, the attractiveness of the product itself, competitive pricing structure, the image of exclusivity attached to the BMW brand, and the level of brand awareness among target consumers. The recommendation from this study is, the Company needs to improve integration between the Marketing team and the Sales team in the process of designing and implementing Events
Copyright (c) 2026 Eko Colins Romario, Meilita Tryana Sembiring, Endang Sulistya Rini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0